Marketing Term Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Marketing Term - Research Paper Example Through engaging the consumer in a dialogue that promotes community and goodwill, there was no advertising campaigns until 2004, the company depending on word of mouth to promote its interests and gain a following. That following measures more than 4 million members, worldwide (Bloomberg). The marketing that has been engaged since 2004 has seen some turmoil with the perceived competitor, Weight Watchers, being directly confronted in a campaign, but the adversary fought back with a court injunction which ended that campaign. However, it might be concluded that Curves gained better publicity as being put in a position as a threat to Weight Watchers, so much so that they were directly confronted through legal action to shut down their advertising. This is a wise strategy, however, the company may soon face the same problems that Weight Watchers faces, which is as their targeted demographic ages out and the rising younger set sees them as a dinosaur of their mother’s age, combatin g a dated image will create an issue. Weight Watchers has confronted their problems through advertising that mimics the Jenny Craig advertising, using celebrities to promote their success through publicly visible weight loss on their programs. However, where Jenny Craig has used a middle aged set of celebrities, Weight Watchers used Jennifer Hudson to kick off their campaign, a decidedly younger star. This leaves curves facing the same problems as Weight Watchers in that through promoting a socialized setting, the age group becomes relevant to the attraction to the program. The following assessment will discuss the current and past methods of marketing that have been introduced for Curves. The background of the company will be given an overview in order to provide context in understanding the nature of the current standing of the company. An analysis of the marketing strategies and their results will be assessed for the successes and failures that have been experienced. A SWOT analy sis will then be conducted in order to provide an overview of the nature of the company in regard to how it will impact a marketing plan. The SWOT analysis will be addressed for the ways in which it can be utilized to address the future of the company. Finally, a summary of the marketing direction of Curves will be made with recommendations for addressing weaknesses and threats through exploiting the strengths and opportunities that are present. Background Curves International Fitness for Women has franchises in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, Australia and Asia. The company has well over 6000 stores, with the rate of their expansion earning them a title in the Guinness Book of World Records (Heavin and Colman 2). The first store was opened in Harlingen, Texas, with the first franchise opening Paris, Texas in 1995 with all stores now being a franchised venue (Curves International Fitness for Women). The company was opened in 1992, and by 2003 had expanded to the 6000 stor e mark, placing them in the record book. Hoovers lists more than 10,000 company stores are in existence to date. Gary and Diane Heavin opened the stores with a specific demographic in mind. Gary Heavin had ten years of experience in the fitness industry before designing this model with a specific target demographic (Funding Universe). The intention was to address the needs of women through nutrition and efficient exercise that kept the sessions short, thus providing an easy

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

English - Essay Example Generally, when a writer produces a work, it comes in market in its original form and then it is presented to any other entity with its right and license to translate it to other languages to get it a place on international level. Such translations get feedback comprising of appreciations and loopholes both by the people having command on both original and translated languages which helps later to consider the drawbacks and produce better translations in future (Kovac, M., and Wischenbart, R., 2012). Translation of books into English language was not always appreciated as in Australia many authors did not like the Australian stories translated into English with so many changes in the text and wanted the youth to read original version of the stories (Nick Earls, ABC Premium News, 15 July 2009 i Allington, D., 2012). African writers also prefer to write in their own language and want Africa to be the centre of their literature. By doing this they do not aim to refuse the English stream rather they only wish to see things from African perspective. Ngugi is of the view that the Oral Tradition is important but it cannot replace the Modern African Literature. To remain loyal to the literature is to stick to the history and assimilate and embrace the traditional thoughts and so not losing the roots (Ngugi, 1986, p. 94-5). In the clip we observe South African writers’ reasons behind choosing language as a medium of their writing. Hambidge prefers to write in Afrikaans as it is connected to her identity. Moreover, she can express her thoughts and emotions in her own language in the best possible way. Magona and Ndebele see Afrikaans as the language of oppressed nation. Ndebele opts English for her writings as it is a language of opportunity and fame for its being international language Magona, though, prefers to write in English but she feels that she cannot write like Jane Austen and it involves both conscious and unconscious factors which shape thought language (U214, DVD 3, Clip 20.1, ‘Choosing to write in English’). While translating a language into English, problems may arise at lexical level. There may not be an alternative word available and a set of words express the meanings so it lengthen the sentence. For example in Russian language there is no separate word for ‘cloud’ rather there are words for different kinds of clouds so it makes the translator to interpret the kind of clouds relying on the context and present a different expression from the original sentence. This does not mean that Russian language is richer than English and provide finer details regarding vocabulary. In some other cases, Russian language has no separate word for ‘arm’ or ‘hand’ rather there is a single word ‘ruka’, so every time the translator encounters this word, he faces difficulty in interpreting that whether the writer is talking about ‘arm’ or ‘hand’. These pro blems are solved by using other words such as ‘fist’, ‘palm’ or ‘from shoulder to fist or wrist’ but it results in comparatively longer sentence. So, such lexical gaps between languages make it difficult to create a perfect translation (Cook, G., 2012). Cook observes the difficulties that become a challenge while translating other languages into English. Referring to the translation of the Chinese film ‘

Indigenous Living Standards Pre Post Invasion Sociology Essay

Indigenous Living Standards Pre Post Invasion Sociology Essay Introduction It is unquestionably assured that the health of all Indigenous peoples around the world, after the trauma of colonisation, has been significantly under threat to better maintain health. Before the arrival of European settlers, Indigenous peoples in both Australia and New Zealand had inhabited their countries for thousands of years. They had complex social systems, which they relied heavily upon, and highly developed traditions reflecting a deep connection with the land. Though, the effects of colonisation, has been apparent. These cultural aspects between person and land, has been somewhat degraded. Many aspects of culture are interrelated to each other, for example, not only does land provide basic necessities for Indigenous communities, which improves the status of health, due to access to native plants, however, it additionally provides connection between spirit ancestors, who provided land to future generations. The enduring grim nature of Indigenous health, especially in Australia, is substantively associated to the outcomes of mismanagement of governments, government health departments and Indigenous affairs ministers, both past and present. This notion is supported by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs in its 1979 Report on Aboriginal Health. The committee found that the low standard of health apparent in the majority of Aboriginal communities can be largely attributed to the unsatisfactory environmental conditions in which Aborigines live, to their low socio-economic status in the Australian community and to the failure of health authorities to give sufficient attention to the special health needs of aborigines and to take proper account of their social and cultural beliefs and practices (Osborne: 1982, p. 1). In comparison, Maoris similarly experienced consistent struggle facing health status. David Sheppards analysis within the New Zealand Environment Court in 2005 specified the overwhelming problems that were faced by Maoris during traditional times. These problems included the lengthy expeditions away from home to hunt food, dietary intake, clothing, shelter and degenerative diseases, such as stomach and intestinal tumours, associated to inadequate health services and facilities. Additionally, Sheppard indicates that skeletal studies on the Maoris did not conclude with positive readings that sort to find epidemics, chronic diseases such as tuberculosis, debilitating parasites, heart disease, [nor] cancer (Sheppard: 2005), which highlights the notion that health was satisfactory, compared with the present. This paper will examine the health problems faced by the Maori and Aboriginal peoples (including Torres Strait peoples), both in the past and present. Additionally explored are the fundamental differences between the two Indigenous peoples and how Maori peoples have progressed far better into the future regarding health status, compared with Aboriginal peoples as a result of the Treaty of Waitangi. Indigenous health in Australia Before the invasion It is merely impossible to realise the present status of Aboriginal heath without comprehending the historical perspectives. Marcia Andersons background paper on measuring the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, clarifies that it is evident that pre-contact, health care systems indisputably functioned with a social system based on three sets of inter-relationships (Anderson: 2006, p. 2), those were between people and the land; between people and creator beings; and between people. It is crucial to comprehend the hindrance of British contact onto the morale of Indigenous peoples in Australia. Though Aboriginal medical practices sought, and continue to seek, meaningful explanations for illness and to respond to the personal, family and community issues produced by [illnesses] (Anderson: 2006, p. 2), this signifies the notion that health matters were not impeded in any particular way, during the period of colonisation, however, other factors imposed by the British, inevitably degraded the Indigenous community, shortly after arrival, and into the future. Throughout and beyond the invasion The arrival of European settlers in the eighteenth century, led to a dramatic fall in the Indigenous population, witnessing less than seventy thousand Aboriginals in the 1930s, from a staggering number of Indigenous peoples estimating seven hundred and fifty thousand. This is comprehensible due to 150 years of exposure to white civilisation' (Borrie: 1975, p. 478), where Indigenous peoples were the victims of massacres, subject to health problems apparent through morbidity and mortality rates, hospitalisation and a considerable amount of disease infected cases which is associated to substance abuse and respiratory related problems relevant to their diet. It is unquestionably clear that these social and health problems experienced by Indigenous communities, are apparent through a number of matters, including introduced infectious diseases, frontier violence and the socio-economic devastation consequence on colonisation (Tilton: 2001). There were no particular health care systems in place to address the disruption that occurred to community wellbeing, due to altered relationships to the land, creator beings and other people. In fact, despite the oft-state intention to protect dispossessed Aboriginal peoples from further harm, suffering continued under various government systems which were established in different colonies, such as the Victorian Board for the Protection of Aborigines, which was established in 1860. The board founded a system of reserves across the colony and hand the authority to force Aboriginal people to move away from their homelands and onto the reserves, and to forcibly remove Aboriginal children. The concept shaped by non-Indigenous government representatives, attempted to control essentially every aspect of their lives including work and earnings, clothing diet, marriage and religion (Vickery: 2005). Furthermore, the level of Aboriginal ill-health will only be reduced if there are dramatic improvements in the physical environment, maximum participation by Aboriginals in all stages of planning and delivery of health care, and if Aboriginal peoples were given, as are all other Australians, the opportunity to choose the type of health care they consider best suits their personal needs. Governments have been under great pressure to deliver effective solutions to the withstanding issue of Indigenous health status, especially through the distribution of health reports, regarding the current position of Indigenous health. Though, the fundamental principle to consider is that the reports that are being released, have no particular impact on the influence of establishing a solution, but rather, the reports cast a shadow over many unresolved matters, for example, land ownership and education, because governments have tended to adopt ineffective and ethnocentric approaches to the Aboriginal health problem based on a lack of understanding and lack of data concerning the problem (Osborne: 1982, p. 2). The reports, however, sought to identity, classify, evaluate and inter-relate current Aboriginal health problems, and to additionally measure the performance of governments, government health departments and authorities in managing and overcoming these difficulties. This indeed establishes a positive footing on issues that are raised in each report, however, reports that are being preceded from the former, are intentionally disregarded. Indigenous affairs spokesperson Nigel Scullion emphasises his support in support of a need to focus on results rather than goals (Symons-Brown: 2011). In order to progress comfortably into the future, governments must be in a position to discuss the positives and negatives of proposals, without bias. Indigenous health in New Zealand Before the invasion Prior to colonisation in New Zealand, the overall health of Maori people was significantly better than [what] it is today (Levien: 2008, p. 18). Whilst life expectancy was considerably low by modern standards, Maori people did not live by current socio-economic standards that ruled their present society in New Zealand. James Cook also expressed his perspectives concerning the stature of Maori people, concluding that the Maori were a health race (Wright St Clair: 1974). Traditional Maori spiritual beliefs also contributed to the health of communities. Mason Durie describes the concepts of tapu and noa, with regard to these communities, and the protective influence this had on health. While tapu was a spiritual concept, it also had practical applications. Tapu, for example, ensured that the sick and dying were separated from the general population, reducing risk of contagion. It protected resources such as harvested food, the sea, nesting bird and water sources, preventing contamination, and preserving resources through conservation (Durie: 1998). It is not surprising therefore, that illness was a rare occurrence among pre-European Maori peoples. Mentioned earlier in the paper, infectious diseases were particularly rare. Geoffrey Rice believes that this is supposed due to both the relative scarcity of contagious disease prior to European settlement and to the careful management of community resources and populace by pre-European Maoris (Rice: 1992). Throughout and beyond the invasion Before European settlement, Maoris had been protected from many childhood illnesses, due to New Zealands geographical advantage over other countries. Alike Indigenous Australians, bacterial infections were not uncommon, however, viral diseases were new. Although, according to Sheppard, measles, mumps, and influenza were regarded in Europe as incidental afflictions, with no serious medical implications; they produced devastation to New Zealand (Sheppard: 2005). Correspondingly the remark made by Levien, had been supported by Sheppard, and suggests that Maori life expectancy [was significantly] short (Sheppard: 2005), where the majority of Maoris struggled to reach thirty years of age, rarely [living] past their fifties (Rice: 1992), due to deaths relating to natural causes (mentioned earlier). Statistics New Zealand conducted an investigation into Maori health in 2007, signifying that Maori life expectancy improved dramatically between 1955 and 2007. A new born Maori girl between 1955 and 1957 could be expected to live to the age of 59. In comparison, if that girl were born between 2005 and 2007, she would expect to live to the age of 75, due to the New Zealand federal government introducing the Primary Health Care Strategy in 2001, which improves Maori access to health, and those peoples with the greatest health needs will be among the first to be addressed by primary health organisations, reducing financial barriers, and most importantly prioritising the health of Maori peoples before other New Zealanders. Dissimilar to Indigenous Australia, the Maori people had formed a treaty with the British soon after the colonisation of New Zealand. It is evident that the Treaty of Waitangi, was the basis of the Northland District Health Board, where in 2001, the board recognised the rights of Maori to equality of health status. The history of colonisation and the current problems of poverty and rheumatic fever, contribute to further health issues. Though, nurses who are working in conjunction with Maori peoples are guided by the Treaty of Waitangi, in order to understand the particular needs relevant to Maori health, similar to any guideline. The benefits of the treaty have been apparent through statistics, both compared with the past and present. Conclusion The consequences of colonisation in Australia and New Zealand are apparent today. Native peoples of both countries have experienced the trauma of colonisation, and the social effects it has had on Indigenous communities. However, the health status of Maoris compared with Aboriginals is significant, merely because of a treaty. Indigenous health in Australia is gradually increasing; however, health statistics concluded throughout the twentieth century, compared with the twenty-first, are indistinguishable. In order to promote Indigenous health in Australia, governments must work cooperatively with Indigenous elders and communities, in order to achieve effective results.

If I Were a Doctor Essay

For a sick person, a doctor is a God on earth. The very presence of doctor instills immense confidence in a patient. But, today doctors are found to be indifferent to their patients. However, we find then inhumane these days. How could patients look up to them as the incarnations of God! I feel that the general image of doctors has taken a beating in the eyes of general public the public has realized much to dismay that doctors are now only interested in minting money and have lost the real touch with the fellow human beings and the humane life. It is true that individuals have become money-spinning machines, but the doctors who once represented God should have stayed out of the melee. This has not happened vilifying the avocation as any other profession. If I were a doctor, I would try to recover the lost image of doctors, at the outset. My prime objective shall remain identifying myself with the host of patients. This could mobilize me behave humanely with them. Next, instead of keeping an eye on the amount of money spent for the treatment, I shall try to cure the patient fully without bothering how much had been paid for the service. I would also take money and lots of which from the very rich, and then treat the poor patients free. With this balancing act, I think I would be able to earn enough money to maintain my life and family and earn a sea of goodwill in return, from the appreciable mass of poor. I would earn, besides money, love, respect, and the unflinching reverence. Thus, contrary to what doctors could earn these days, about heaps of money, I would earn love and respect in such heaps. With this attitude, I am sure I could bring back the angel status of doctors.

The Death of Ielts Discursive Essay Samples

The Death of Ielts Discursive Essay Samples In addition to the above mentioned areas, you could also comment on work which has been done in class. Children who may use the computer when they're young have more confidence than other children. Computers are being used increasingly more in education. Utilizing a computer each and every day can have more negative than positive consequences on children. The introduction may include the item itself and maybe a concise description. The previous section requires the overview of the principal points, specified in the body paragraphs. Thus, the main part is choosing the suitable details. Ielts pdf downloads want a complimentary download. For instance, you may have to think about an opinion or weigh the advantages and disadvantages of an argument before presenting your own view on the subject. You might also be requested to Discuss both views and supply you with opinion' or Discuss either side of the argument and provide your opini on'. If you are requested to discuss both views, then be sure you have one paragraph for a single view and another paragraph for a different view and so on. If you just discuss both views and fail to provide your opinion you will lose marks. The Nuiances of Ielts Discursive Essay Samples Nevertheless, your discursive writing does not need to be completely neutral. Thus don't get intimidated if you believe you can't write such essays. Essays, however, may require somewhat more courage at the start, but as you're already here looking for information, why not to begin with practice too. This essay will deal with a number of the illegal acts enabled by the web and propose solutions. You might also have to explore different aspects of an issue and then outline your ideas for solving it. If you attempt to answer a question that you don't understand, you will almost surely become incoherent. So, by building a plan be sure you answer all the questions! The question can help you w ith the structure of your talk. Ielts Discursive Essay Samples Options The examiner is searching for your capacity to pick the correct data and capability to describe data, trends, comparisons etc.. In summary, it's evident there are both pros and cons in the growth of electric vehicles. It will provide you with ideas and capacity to express yourself. To conclude, the only long-term remedy to the issue of online crime is greater international cooperation. Key Pieces of Ielts Discursive Essay Samples It's possible to use numbers to support your solution in paragraphs 3 and 4. Your very first sentence should stay a positive one to set the proper tone for the remainder of your report. You have to remember not to compose a conclusion. All you should keep in mind is that you don't require a conclusion here. Keep reading, and you'll find out how to compose a conclusion for a discursive essay. So, you have to compose a discursive essay. Our sample essay has a straightforward but superior introduction in which it demonstrates that the examinee has knowledge of this issue and clearly states the writer's position to establish the remainder of the essay. A well-structured essay has a superior introduction, body paragraphs that are simple to follow and connect with each other, and a great conclusion. Because of large volumes and thorough assessment, essay correction often requires a week. To have a high score on your IELTS essay, you want to understand what a terrific essay is made up of. It wasn't easy for all of us to get started with writing essays. Writing essays become easier and you're going to be a great deal quicker too. You may also adjust the brightness of screen dependent on the type of system you're using as there exists bunch of the means to correct the brightness. You merely have to fully deal with all sections of the undertaking. Check out whether it is possible to turn the page with some arrow keys or click a particular portion of the display, aside from utilizing the mouse to control everything. Since the issue is global is scale, the solution also has to be global. Looking at IELTS essay topics with answers is a superb means to assist you to get ready for the test. You may be amazed at how simple the questions are! If you're knowledgeable about the f ormat of the IELTS Speaking test and the kinds of questions asked, then you can begin planning. Examples of excellent collocation include prejudices a reasonable trial and tackle the difficulties. The report states that some standard subjects might no longer be taught at school. By using all these effective methods, you can surely enhance your eBook reading experience to an amazing extent. Discussion Essay Tips Some people today believe environmental problems should be solved on an international scale even though others believe it is preferable to address them nationally. Receive a passage of text and get started reading it out loud. Things You Should Know About Ielts Discursive Essay Samples You've read an on-line article about changes in the kinds of subject taught at secondary schools. You should work hard and make the essential effort simultaneously. We literally employed these resources all of the time when studying. A more severe issue is that the high price tag of a university education will signify that lots of families are reluctant to have more than 1 child, exacerbating the falling birthrates in some specific countries.

The Declaration Of Independence By J. Hector Essay

As expressed in the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , America was born upon the belief that someone who has acquired citizenship or born in America is treated equally to one another. This is further conveyed in Letters from an American Farmer by J. Hector St. John Crevecoeur when he describes an American as someones who â€Å" is neither European, or the descendant of an European†¦. He is an American. who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, relieves new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds†¦. Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men†¦.†(Letter 3). Becoming an American signifies adopting new set of cultural values and beliefs, while relinquishing your original cultural myths, in order to belong to its community. Crevecoeur implies that America cannot be bi or mul ticultural, one must lose their cultural identity in order to become an American. However, the U.S. is in increasingly becoming more ethnically diverse and with these new perspectives, it supposedly enriches America as a whole. In Eric Liu’s Notes of a Native Speaker, Liu describes the obstacles that he faced as a Chinese-American striving to assimilate into American society and conform into it’s norms. Liu becomes conscious to the fact that his cultural identity is at odds with the melting pot myth’s false promise that America’s culturalShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Influence On America993 Words   |  4 PagesWriters like Thomas Paine, J. Hector St. John De Crà ©vecoeur, and Thomas Jefferson thought America was strong enough to be independent. Between 1765 and 1790, the contradicting ideas of writers surrounding the definition of America built the identity of America through the argument stating that England was no longer America’s mother country. In Common Sense, Thomas Paine explained how America was dependent on England, but also showed why Americans should fight for their independence. In the process of becomingRead MoreThe Pursuit Of The American Identity Essay2170 Words   |  9 Pages Although through the trial and hardships, from 1492 to 1877 the core of the American identity, the frontier had a constant presence through the years, but through the founding of Jamestown and Plymouth, the American Revolution, Declaration of Independence, Benjamin Franklin’s virtues, letters, Abolitionist, such as William Garrison, Fredrick Douglas, and the civil war, the definition of American identity as the ‘frontier’, grew and developed into something that defines what it means to be an AmericanRead MoreCauses of the American Revolution Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesamong colonists. The American Revolution (1763-1789) was generated by an amalgam of factors, translated into a dissonance between the British perspe ctive on the colonies and the American colonial reality. 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Hector St. John de Crevecoeur as stating Thousands of Europeans are Indians, and we have no examples of even one of these Aborigines having from choice become Europeans! Whites who lived among the Indians noted that Indian life possessed a strong senseRead MoreInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language14362 Words   |  58 Pagescountry. Among them are Zoltan Kovecses (a Hungarian Professor of Linguistics in the Department of American Studies at Eotvos Lorand University), James Ciment (an American writer, journalist and famous M.E.Sharpe Publishing Inc. general editor), John Hector de Crevecoeur (a French immigrant writer), Louis Adamic (a novelist and a journalist) and many others. Some people describe American society as a salad bowl while others see it as a melting pot. In a sense both are correct depending upon onesRead MoreInternship Report on Ztbl20418 Words   |  82 PagesLtd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report many advantages to student that helps him throughout his life. Some advantages of internship program are given as under; ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ To gain professional experience and receive academic credit To enhance independence, responsibility and self-confidence To Interact and collaborate confidently with employees To share ideas with one another. To translate classroom knowledge into the professional work environment and to make plan, how to carry the activities. ïÆ'ËœRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesGeorge Washington University; Joseph D. DeVoss, DeVry University; Edward J. Glantz, Pennsylvania State University; Michael Godfrey, University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh; Robert Key, University of Phoenix; Dennis Krumwiede, Idaho State University; Nicholas C. Petruzzi, University of Illinois–Urbana/Champaign; William R. Sherrard, San Diego State University; S. Narayan Bodapati, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville; Warren J. 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The Decline Of The 16th Century Reformation Essay

The 16th century reformation (from the Latin word reforma, meaning change) was a revolt against the excessive power wielded by the Catholic Church throughout Europe in the 16th century, and lead to the eventual founding of Protestantism. The reformation ended the dominance of Europe by the Catholic church, separating Christians into Protestants and Catholics, and was a turning point in religious and European history. At the beginning of the 16th Century, Europe was dominantly Catholic. The Catholic Church not only controlled vast economic resources, but wielded enormous political and social power. Reformers believed that the Catholic church had overstepped their jurisdiction in overseeing people’s faith, for example by limiting the printing of bibles to languages that only priests could read, and that the Church had become corrupted by practices such as the sale of indulgences. For centuries, Popes had ruled Europe more like Kings than religious leaders. Hugely political, they had alliances and enemies, commanding armies and waging war. Whilst the church was a religious group, it had enormous influence in areas of politics and economics, the Pope often allowing a marriage to be broken so that kings and powerful lords could better their political standing. People saw the unnecessary power that the papacy wielded, the power to make or break nations. For over a century, early reformers such as John Wyclif and Jan Hus had expressed doubts about the honesty andShow MoreRelated Protestant Reformation Essay804 Words   |  4 Pages PROTESTANT REFORMATION: A MENTOR TO CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When we talk about Protestant Reformation, what usually comes to our mind is a movement that brought about negative effects not just in Europe but also in the whole Catholic Church, which are still being felt and experienced even today. 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These interpretations which involve Brian Levack’s â€Å"The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe,† Eric Boss’s â€Å"Syphilis, Misogyny, and Witchcraft in 16th-Century Europe,† and Nachman Ben-Yehuda’s â€Å"The European Witch Craze of the 14th to 17th centuries: A Sociologist’s Perspective,† share various opinions while developing their own theories. The comparison of these observations will focus upon why the witch trials occurred when they did, why did theyRead MoreCauses Of The Protestant Reformation1635 Words   |  7 PagesThe Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious movement that took place in the Western church. Having far-reaching political, economic, and social effect, the Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three major branches of Christianity. Without the changes caused by the Renaissance during the fifteenth century, the Reformation would not have been possible (Haigh). 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The city-states had wealth from commerce and that that were present in the Middle Ages. 3.Charles vIII’s march through Italy led to Italy’s political decline: The French invasions (1494-1527): The French king Louis XI had resisted the temptations to invade Italy while nonetheless keeping French dynastic claims in Italy alive. Its successor, Charles VIII, a young boy in his twenties, responded to theRead MoreThe Renaissance and Italys Decline1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Renaissance and Italys Decline Definition: The period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values. Set in the city-states of Italy in the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the constant uncertainty, both economic and political, and extreme volatility of the historical situation provided the material for new intellectual, cultural, and social experiments